Sometimes, the concepts are drawn from complicated scientific ideas while at other moments, the time-loop provides added character dynamics in the story.
As he mourns over Joe, the Osiris Spindle explodes and destroys the world.
The black twins also seem to be severely overdressed for the occasion.
The movie stumbles a bit over its own ideas at the end, but it's exhilarating, clever, and even touching.
As he dies, he tells Joe that he is his father, and he notes that he wished that was the final death.
Hope it can be useful.