A larger t-value shows that the difference between group means is greater than the pooled standard error, indicating a more significant difference between the groups.
A t test compares the means of two groups.
We want to know if we have evidence that the mean grams of protein for the two brands of energy bars is different or not.
The one-sided tests are for one-sided alternative hypotheses β for example, for a null hypothesis that mean body fat for men is less than that for women.
The code looks like this: t.
The simulated random numbers originate from a bivariate normal distribution with a variance of 1 and a deviation of the expected value of 0.